大白菜TPS基因家族鉴定及其在高温胁迫下的表达分析

为明确大白菜TPS(BrTPS)家族成员信息及对高温胁迫信号的响应,本研究利用生物信息学方法,在大白菜基因组数据库中鉴定了BrTPS基因家族成员,并对其理化性质、进化特征、蛋白结构及在高温胁迫下的表达模式进行分析。结果表明,大白菜全基因组含有15个TPS基因家族成员,分布于8条染色体上。除BrTPS14和BrTPS15外,其余成员各含有1个TPS和1个TPP结构域,并且所含motif的排列顺序也完全一致。理化性质分析发现,15个成员的氨基酸长度介于129~1459 aa之间,分子量大小在14.73~165.83 kD之间,大部分BrTPS蛋白为酸性蛋白和亲水蛋白,以无规则卷曲作为二级结构主要构成元件。进化分析表明,大白菜TPS基因家族成员可分为2类,其中ClassⅠ包含5个成员,ClassⅡ包含10个成员。本研究对高温胁迫前后不同组织和持续高温胁迫下叶片中的表达分析,发现大部分的BrTPS基因可对高温胁迫产生响应,但在表达规律上存在差异。这些研究结果为后续研究大白菜TPS基因提供一定参考。     

AM真菌改善植物磷营养吸收和转运机制的研究进展

旨在深入了解丛枝菌根(Arbuscular mycorrhizae,AM)真菌在植物吸收和转运磷元素方面的机制。本研究归纳了近年来关于AM真菌能够促使植物改善磷营养（如磷酸盐转运蛋白、磷酸酶基因等）相关的最新研究成果,着重分析了AM真菌的菌根吸收途径,总结了国内外关于AM真菌对水溶性无机磷、难溶性无机磷和有机磷等3种土壤磷存在形态下的利用机制。最后指出该领域仍存在的一些问题以及未来的研究侧重点。     

自动清粪机器人路径规划方法的研究与实现

自动清粪机器人的工作环境复杂,不仅有静态障碍物(如牛栏),且动态障碍物众多(如人和牲畜等)。为此,提出了一种基于行为方法的路径规划法。该方法非常适合于动态环境下机器人的运动规划,其原理简单、计算快捷、容易实现。根据该算法,确立了一套完整的软件系统和设计方案,并在此基础上制造出了样机。经过样机在奶牛养殖场的工作和测试,验证了该方法的实时性、准确性和可操作性。     

Effects of Bdellovibrio and Like Organisms on Survival and Growth Performance of Juvenile Turbot,Scophthalmus maximus

In this study, the impact of Bdellovibrio and like organisms (BALOs) on juvenile turbot rearing was investigated in a static water rearing system with weekly partial change of water. A 60‐d‐long rearing experiment showed that, compared with control, survival rate, percent weight gain, percent length gain, and average daily growth were 92 ± 2.8%, 387.1 ± 4.6%, 78.6 ± 1.5%, and 1.87 ± 0.79 g/d, respectively, significantly higher than those in the control, viz., 81 ± 3.2%, 248.2 ± 5.3%, 56.7 ± 2.1%, and 1.16 ± 0.68 g/d, respectively. Water quality results demonstrated that no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed between test and control with the addition of BDW03. Compared with the control, total culturable bacteria and total vibrio numbers in rearing water and in intestines were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced by 0.8–1.4 log CFU/mL/ log CFU/g, with the addition of BDW03. Furthermore, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles in rearing waters collected at a 1.5‐d interval over a week revealed that BDW03 simplified bacterial community structures with time, and some vibrios disappeared with the addition of BDW03. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that BALOs can promote growth and survival of juvenile turbots and be beneficial to coldwater fish aquaculture at the production level.     

加强农业科研院所廉政建设的几点思考

近年来，随着中央对“三农”工作的重视，投入的农业科研项目资金越来越大，这对农业科研院所的壮大起到了强有力的推动作用，但随之而来的贪腐行为时有发生，并呈上升趋势。文章就当前农业科研院所廉政建设工作现状及面临的问题，进行了深入分析，并提出了进一步加强廉政建设的工作对策，从而更好地构建廉政建设体系，保证农业科研院所事业又好又快发展。     

MeJA regulates enzymes involved in ascorbic acid and glutathione metabolism and improves chilling tolerance in loquat fruit

This study investigated the regulation of ascorbate acid (AsA) and glutathione metabolism and chilling tolerance by methyl jamonate (MeJA) in loquat fruit. The results showed that application of MeJA to loquat fruit inhibited the incidence of chilling injury manifested as internal browning (IB) and increased AsA and reduced glutathione (GSH) contents due to the inhibition of ascorbate oxidase activity and enhancement of monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase activities. Meanwhile, MeJA also enhanced activities of ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase. Our results suggested that MeJA can regulate the ascorbate and glutathione metabolism and has important roles in alleviating oxidative damage and enhancing chilling tolerance in loquat fruit.     

Understanding the spatial polarization pattern of technology transfer network in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay area

Technology transfer is a conscious knowledge transfer and diffusion, which can promote the coordinated configuration and balanced development of technological innovation elements in geographical space. From the perspective of “space of flow”, the technology transfer network is constructed. Utilizing patent technology transaction data from 2018, this study analyzes the agglomeration differentiation and spatial polarization patterns of technology transfer from network nodes, network layers, and network partition in Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The agglomeration of technology transfer is remarkable in the network, showing “two poles and two strong” as well as proximity advantages; Shenzhen and Guangzhou have become spatial poles within the network. (2) The Matthew effect is prominent and technology transfer at the spatial level is largely caused by core node interactions, while core-edge hierarchical transmission mechanisms and geographical proximity contact characteristics are gradually developing. (3) Differences in roles between the plates are pronounced, and there is an agglomeration effect within a plate and between plates, as well as clear spillover effects.     

小型甘蔗收获机切梢装置液压系统的设计及试验

针对蔗梢在榨糖过程中会降低甘蔗的出糖率,以及蔗梢部分进入甘蔗收割机物流系统不利于物流系统的正常运转、堵塞物流通道等问题,在原有物理样机上加装切梢装置。通过对切梢装置运动要求的分析,设计了切梢装置的液压传动系统,并用AMESim软件对系统进行了建模仿真分析;同时,试验分析了切梢装置马达的动态特性,并得到马达在不同状态下的动态特性变化,验证了方案的可行性;最后,通过田间试验测试了切梢装置液压系统流量及压力的变化,并获得了其在田间实际工作时消耗的功率。     

宁夏首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情流行病学调查

2020年10月,宁夏盐池县、利通区、平罗县发生输入性牛结节性皮肤病疫情。为查明疫情发生原因,分析疫情扩散风险,宁夏回族自治区农业农村厅畜牧兽医局组织成立督导组进行流行病学调查。通过现场调查、座谈及实验室检测,综合发病、溯源和追踪情况以及实验室检测结果,分析认为此次疫情是由调入纯种荷斯坦育成奶牛引起的。因及时采取了封锁疫点、控制移动、扑杀、无害化处理、清洗消毒、杀灭蚊蝇、免疫等综合处置措施,疫情扩散风险较低。此次疫情警示,要强化牛只及其产品的调运监管,加强疫情排查监测,及时发现和处置疫情。